{"id":33209,"date":"2025-02-12T11:29:14","date_gmt":"2025-02-12T11:29:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vocso.com\/blog\/?p=33209"},"modified":"2025-06-04T11:40:20","modified_gmt":"2025-06-04T11:40:20","slug":"how-to-create-scalable-web-scraping-pipelines-using-python-and-scrapy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vocso.com\/blog\/how-to-create-scalable-web-scraping-pipelines-using-python-and-scrapy\/","title":{"rendered":"How to create Scalable Web Scraping Pipelines Using Python and Scrapy"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div>\n<p>Web scraping has become an essential technique for extracting data from websites, but as data needs grow, the ability to scale efficiently becomes critical. Scalability ensures that a scraping pipeline in scalable web scraping can handle increasing workloads without failures, delays, or excessive resource consumption.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Python, along with Scrapy, offers a powerful framework for building scalable web scraping pipelines. Scrapy provides an asynchronous architecture, efficient data handling, and built-in support for exporting data in various formats. We will explore how to create a scalable <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vocso.com\/web-scraping-services\">web scraping<\/a> pipeline using Python and Scrapy while optimizing performance, handling anti-scraping measures, and ensuring reliability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_81 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"cursor:pointer\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vocso.com\/blog\/how-to-create-scalable-web-scraping-pipelines-using-python-and-scrapy\/#challenges-in-large-scale-web-scraping\" >Challenges in Large-Scale Web Scraping<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vocso.com\/blog\/how-to-create-scalable-web-scraping-pipelines-using-python-and-scrapy\/#why-use-scrapy-for-scalable-web-scraping\" >Why Use Scrapy for Scalable Web Scraping?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vocso.com\/blog\/how-to-create-scalable-web-scraping-pipelines-using-python-and-scrapy\/#setting-up-a-scrapy-environment\" >Setting Up a Scrapy Environment<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vocso.com\/blog\/how-to-create-scalable-web-scraping-pipelines-using-python-and-scrapy\/#optimizing-scrapy-for-large-scale-scraping\" >Optimizing Scrapy for Large-Scale Scraping<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vocso.com\/blog\/how-to-create-scalable-web-scraping-pipelines-using-python-and-scrapy\/#handling-anti-scraping-techniques\" >Handling Anti-Scraping Techniques<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vocso.com\/blog\/how-to-create-scalable-web-scraping-pipelines-using-python-and-scrapy\/#storing-scraped-data-efficiently\" >Storing Scraped Data Efficiently<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vocso.com\/blog\/how-to-create-scalable-web-scraping-pipelines-using-python-and-scrapy\/#storing-scraped-data-in-mongodb\" >Storing Scraped Data in MongoDB<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vocso.com\/blog\/how-to-create-scalable-web-scraping-pipelines-using-python-and-scrapy\/#data-cleaning-and-processing-with-pandas\" >Data Cleaning and Processing with Pandas<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vocso.com\/blog\/how-to-create-scalable-web-scraping-pipelines-using-python-and-scrapy\/#logging-error-handling-in-scrapy\" >Logging &amp; Error Handling in Scrapy<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vocso.com\/blog\/how-to-create-scalable-web-scraping-pipelines-using-python-and-scrapy\/#running-the-full-scraping-pipeline\" >Running the Full Scraping Pipeline<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vocso.com\/blog\/how-to-create-scalable-web-scraping-pipelines-using-python-and-scrapy\/#deploying-scrapy-on-a-cloud-server\" >Deploying Scrapy on a Cloud Server<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vocso.com\/blog\/how-to-create-scalable-web-scraping-pipelines-using-python-and-scrapy\/#installing-scrapy-on-the-server\" >Installing Scrapy on the Server<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vocso.com\/blog\/how-to-create-scalable-web-scraping-pipelines-using-python-and-scrapy\/#scheduling-scrapers-with-cron-jobs\" >Scheduling Scrapers with Cron Jobs<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vocso.com\/blog\/how-to-create-scalable-web-scraping-pipelines-using-python-and-scrapy\/#advanced-scrapy-middleware-for-anti-ban-protection\" >Advanced Scrapy Middleware for Anti-Ban Protection<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vocso.com\/blog\/how-to-create-scalable-web-scraping-pipelines-using-python-and-scrapy\/#using-scrapy-selenium-for-javascript-rendered-content\" >Using Scrapy-Selenium for JavaScript-Rendered Content<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vocso.com\/blog\/how-to-create-scalable-web-scraping-pipelines-using-python-and-scrapy\/#monitoring-and-maintaining-scrapy-pipelines\" >Monitoring and Maintaining Scrapy Pipelines<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vocso.com\/blog\/how-to-create-scalable-web-scraping-pipelines-using-python-and-scrapy\/#scrapy-benchmarking-performance-optimization\" >Scrapy Benchmarking &amp; Performance Optimization<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vocso.com\/blog\/how-to-create-scalable-web-scraping-pipelines-using-python-and-scrapy\/#scaling-web-scraping-with-distributed-crawlers\" >Scaling Web Scraping with Distributed Crawlers<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vocso.com\/blog\/how-to-create-scalable-web-scraping-pipelines-using-python-and-scrapy\/#best-practices-for-scalable-scraping-pipelines\" >Best Practices for Scalable Scraping Pipelines<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vocso.com\/blog\/how-to-create-scalable-web-scraping-pipelines-using-python-and-scrapy\/#conclusion\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"challenges-in-large-scale-web-scraping\"><\/span>Challenges in Large-Scale Web Scraping<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A small-scale scraper is easy to build, but scaling it up introduces challenges:<br><strong>IP Bans &amp; Rate Limiting<\/strong> \u2013 Websites block excessive requests<br><strong>Dynamic Content<\/strong> \u2013 JavaScript-based sites require special handling<br><strong>Data Cleaning &amp; Storage<\/strong> \u2013 Extracted data needs structuring and storage<br><strong>Scalability<\/strong> \u2013 Scrapers must process millions of pages efficiently<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Integrating <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vocso.com\/custom-api-development-services\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/www.vocso.com\/custom-api-development-services\">custom API development<\/a> can help streamline data exchange between scraping systems and other applications, ensuring structured, real-time data flow. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"why-use-scrapy-for-scalable-web-scraping\"><\/span>Why Use Scrapy for Scalable Web Scraping?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.vocso.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/scrapy-site-image.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/www.vocso.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/scrapy-site-image-1024x480.jpg\" alt=\"scrapy tool image\" class=\"wp-image-33255\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vocso.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/scrapy-site-image-1024x480.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.vocso.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/scrapy-site-image-300x140.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vocso.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/scrapy-site-image-768x360.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.vocso.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/scrapy-site-image-624x292.jpg 624w, https:\/\/www.vocso.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/scrapy-site-image.jpg 1341w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Scrapy is a Python-based web scraping framework designed for large-scale data collection. It offers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Asynchronous request handling for high-speed scraping<\/li><li>Built-in data pipelines to clean, validate, and store data<\/li><li>Middleware support for handling proxies, user agents, cookies<\/li><li>Auto-throttling to prevent bans and optimize performance<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>For seamless integration of scraped data into your systems, leveraging <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vocso.com\/backend-development-services\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/www.vocso.com\/backend-development-services\">Backend Development<\/a> can enhance data management, storage, and real-time processing capabilities. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vocso.com\/rag-development-services\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/www.vocso.com\/rag-development-services\">RAG Development<\/a> Services improve real-time data retrieval and integration, optimizing how scraped data flows into your applications. This ensures that large volumes of data are efficiently handled and accessible for business applications. Leveraging <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vocso.com\/custom-web-design-development\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/www.vocso.com\/custom-web-design-development\">custom web development<\/a> services can provide a user-friendly dashboard for managing and visualizing scraped data in real-time, enhancing control and monitoring capabilities. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vocso.com\/generative-ai-development-services\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/www.vocso.com\/generative-ai-development-services\">Generative AI Development<\/a> Services automate and augment data processing, adding intelligence to scraping workflows.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"setting-up-a-scrapy-environment\"><\/span>Setting Up a Scrapy Environment<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Installing Scrapy and Dependencies<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>To install Scrapy and related libraries, run:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">pip install scrapy scrapy-rotating-proxies scrapy-selenium pandas psycopg2 pymongo requests lxml beautifulsoup4<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Creating a Scrapy Project<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Initialize a new Scrapy project:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">scrapy startproject scalable_scraper\n\ncd scalable_scraper<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Writing a Scalable Scrapy Spider<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>A Scrapy Spider controls:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Which pages to scrape<\/li><li>How data is extracted<\/li><li>How pagination is handled<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Creating a Product Scraper<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>Navigate to spiders\/ and create product_spider.py:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">import scrapy\n\nclass ProductSpider(scrapy.Spider):\n    name = \"products\"\n    start_urls = [\"https:\/\/example.com\/products\"]\n\n    def parse(self, response):\n        for item in response.css(\"div.product\"):\n            yield {\n                \"name\": item.css(\"h2::text\").get(),\n                \"price\": item.css(\"span.price::text\").get(),\n                \"url\": response.urljoin(item.css(\"a::attr(href)\").get()),\n            }\n\n        # Handling pagination\n        next_page = response.css(\"a.next::attr(href)\").get()\n        if next_page:\n            yield response.follow(next_page, self.parse)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Running the Scraper<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>Run the spider with:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">scrapy crawl products -o output.json<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>This will save the extracted data in output.json.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"optimizing-scrapy-for-large-scale-scraping\"><\/span>Optimizing Scrapy for Large-Scale Scraping<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>To scrape thousands of pages efficiently, optimize settings.py:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 64  # Increase parallel requests\nDOWNLOAD_DELAY = 0.2  # Prevents overloading the server\nAUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True  # Dynamically adjusts request speed\nAUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 1\nAUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 5<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"handling-anti-scraping-techniques\"><\/span>Handling Anti-Scraping Techniques<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Websites employ various techniques to block scrapers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>IP Bans<\/strong> \u2013 Blocking repeated requests from the same IP<\/li><li><strong>CAPTCHAs<\/strong> \u2013 Requiring human interaction<\/li><li><strong>JavaScript-rendered Content<\/strong> \u2013 Hiding data behind scripts<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Rotating User Agents<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Modify settings.py to randomize user agents:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">USER_AGENT_LIST = [\n    \"Mozilla\/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64)\",\n    \"Mozilla\/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7)\",\n    \"Mozilla\/5.0 (Linux; Android 10)\"\n]\n\nDOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES.update({\n    'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.useragent.UserAgentMiddleware': None,\n    'scrapy_user_agents.middlewares.RandomUserAgentMiddleware': 400,\n})<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Using Proxy Rotation<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Install the scrapy-rotating-proxies package:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">pip install scrapy-rotating-proxies<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Modify settings.py to use proxies:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">ROTATING_PROXY_LIST = [\n    \"http:\/\/proxy1:port\",\n    \"http:\/\/proxy2:port\",\n]<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"storing-scraped-data-efficiently\"><\/span>Storing Scraped Data Efficiently<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Once data is scraped, it must be stored properly for analysis. Integrating <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vocso.com\/custom-cms-development-services\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/www.vocso.com\/custom-cms-development-services\">custom CMS development<\/a> can help businesses organize, categorize, and update scraped data with ease, providing a more manageable and editable data platform. Common storage options:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>PostgreSQL<\/strong> \u2013 Best for structured, relational storage<\/li><li><strong>MongoDB<\/strong> \u2013 Ideal for flexible, NoSQL document storage<\/li><li><strong>CSV\/JSON<\/strong> \u2013 Good for basic file-based storage<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Storing Scraped Data in PostgreSQL<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Install PostgreSQL Driver<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">pip install psycopg2<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Create a PostgreSQL Database<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">CREATE DATABASE scraped_data;\nCREATE TABLE products (\n    id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,\n    name TEXT,\n    price TEXT,\n    url TEXT\n);<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Modify pipelines.py to Store Data<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">import psycopg2\n\nclass PostgresPipeline:\n    def open_spider(self, spider):\n        self.connection = psycopg2.connect(\n            dbname=\"scraped_data\",\n            user=\"your_user\",\n            password=\"your_password\",\n            host=\"localhost\"\n        )\n        self.cursor = self.connection.cursor()\n\n    def process_item(self, item, spider):\n        self.cursor.execute(\n            \"INSERT INTO products (name, price, url) VALUES (%s, %s, %s)\",\n            (item[\"name\"], item[\"price\"], item[\"url\"])\n        )\n        self.connection.commit()\n        return item\n\n    def close_spider(self, spider):\n        self.cursor.close()\n        self.connection.close()<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Modify settings.py to enable this pipeline:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">ITEM_PIPELINES = {\n    'scalable_scraper.pipelines.PostgresPipeline': 300,\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"storing-scraped-data-in-mongodb\"><\/span>Storing Scraped Data in MongoDB<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>While PostgreSQL is great for structured data, MongoDB is ideal for storing semi-structured data like JSON. It\u2019s widely used for large-scale scraping projects that need flexibility in data storage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Installing MongoDB Driver<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>To interact with MongoDB in Python, install the pymongo library:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">pip install pymongo<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Setting Up a MongoDB Database<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Start MongoDB and create a new database:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">mongo\nuse scraped_data\ndb.createCollection(\"products\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Modifying pipelines.py for MongoDB<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Edit pipelines.py to store data in MongoDB:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">import pymongo\n\nclass MongoDBPipeline:\n    def open_spider(self, spider):\n        self.client = pymongo.MongoClient(\"mongodb:\/\/localhost:27017\/\")\n        self.db = self.client[\"scraped_data\"]\n        self.collection = self.db[\"products\"]\n\n    def process_item(self, item, spider):\n        self.collection.insert_one(dict(item))\n        return item\n\n    def close_spider(self, spider):\n        self.client.close()<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Enabling the MongoDB Pipeline<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Modify settings.py to enable MongoDB:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">ITEM_PIPELINES = {\n    'scalable_scraper.pipelines.MongoDBPipeline': 300,\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"data-cleaning-and-processing-with-pandas\"><\/span>Data Cleaning and Processing with Pandas<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Once data is scraped, it needs cleaning before analysis. Pandas is the best Python library for this.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Installing Pandas<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">pip install pandas<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cleaning and Formatting Data<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Modify pipelines.py to clean scraped data before saving:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">import pandas as pd\nclass DataCleaningPipeline:\n    def process_item(self, item, spider):\n        # Remove extra spaces from product name\n        item[\"name\"] = item[\"name\"].strip() if item[\"name\"] else \"N\/A\"\n\n        # Convert price to float\n        try:\n            item[\"price\"] = float(item[\"price\"].replace(\"$\", \"\"))\n        except:\n            item[\"price\"] = None\n        return item<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Exporting Data to CSV<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>You can also save data in CSV format for analysis:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">class SaveToCSV:\n    def open_spider(self, spider):\n        self.data = []\n\n    def process_item(self, item, spider):\n        self.data.append(item)\n        return item\n\n    def close_spider(self, spider):\n        df = pd.DataFrame(self.data)\n        df.to_csv(\"scraped_data.csv\", index=False)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Modify settings.py to enable both cleaning and CSV saving:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">ITEM_PIPELINES = {\n    'scalable_scraper.pipelines.DataCleaningPipeline': 200,\n    'scalable_scraper.pipelines.SaveToCSV': 300,\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"logging-error-handling-in-scrapy\"><\/span>Logging &amp; Error Handling in Scrapy<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>To make your scraper more robust, implement logging and error handling.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Enabling Logging in Scrapy<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Modify settings.py to enable logs:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">LOG_LEVEL = \"INFO\"  # Options: DEBUG, INFO, WARNING, ERROR\nLOG_FILE = \"scrapy_log.txt\"<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Adding Error Handling in Spiders<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Modify product_spider.py to handle errors:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">import scrapy\nimport logging\n\nclass ProductSpider(scrapy.Spider):\n    name = \"products\"\n    start_urls = [\"https:\/\/example.com\/products\"]\n\n    def parse(self, response):\n        try:\n            for item in response.css(\"div.product\"):\n                yield {\n                    \"name\": item.css(\"h2::text\").get(default=\"N\/A\"),\n                    \"price\": item.css(\"span.price::text\").get(default=\"N\/A\"),\n                    \"url\": response.urljoin(item.css(\"a::attr(href)\").get(default=\"\")),\n                }\n\n            next_page = response.css(\"a.next::attr(href)\").get()\n            if next_page:\n                yield response.follow(next_page, self.parse)\n\n        except Exception as e:\n            logging.error(f\"Error in parsing: {e}\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"running-the-full-scraping-pipeline\"><\/span>Running the Full Scraping Pipeline<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Now that everything is set up, run the full pipeline:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">scrapy crawl products<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>To store output in JSON format:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">scrapy crawl products -o output.json<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>To run silently with logs:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">scrapy crawl products --nolog<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"deploying-scrapy-on-a-cloud-server\"><\/span>Deploying Scrapy on a Cloud Server<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Once your web scraper is working locally, you\u2019ll need to deploy it on a cloud server to run at scale. Common options include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>AWS EC2<\/strong> \u2013 Flexible and scalable compute power<\/li><li><strong>DigitalOcean Droplets<\/strong> \u2013 Affordable and easy to set up<\/li><li><strong>Google Cloud Compute Engine<\/strong> \u2013 Powerful infrastructure<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Setting Up a Cloud Server<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>For DigitalOcean, create a droplet with Ubuntu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">ssh root@your_server_ip<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>For AWS, launch an EC2 instance and connect:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">ssh -i your-key.pem ubuntu@your-ec2-instance<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"installing-scrapy-on-the-server\"><\/span>Installing Scrapy on the Server<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Update system packages and install dependencies:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">sudo apt update &amp;&amp; sudo apt upgrade -y\nsudo apt install python3-pip\npip install scrapy scrapy-rotating-proxies scrapy-selenium pymongo psycopg2 pandas<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Running Scrapy on the Cloud<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Upload your Scrapy project:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">scp -r scalable_scraper\/ root@your_server_ip:\/home\/<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Run the scraper in the background using nohup:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">nohup scrapy crawl products &gt; output.log 2&gt;&amp;1 &amp;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"scheduling-scrapers-with-cron-jobs\"><\/span>Scheduling Scrapers with Cron Jobs<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>To automate your scraping pipeline, schedule it using cron jobs on Linux.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Editing Crontab<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Run:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">crontab -e<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Add a job to run the scraper every day at 3 AM:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">0 3 * * * cd \/home\/scalable_scraper &amp;&amp; scrapy crawl products &gt; output.log 2&gt;&amp;1<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"advanced-scrapy-middleware-for-anti-ban-protection\"><\/span>Advanced Scrapy Middleware for Anti-Ban Protection<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>To avoid bans, Scrapy allows custom middleware for handling headers, proxies, and delays.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Custom Headers Middleware<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Modify middlewares.py to randomize request headers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">from scrapy import signals\nimport random\nclass RandomHeaderMiddleware:\n    user_agents = [\n        \"Mozilla\/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64)\",\n        \"Mozilla\/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7)\",\n        \"Mozilla\/5.0 (Linux; Android 10)\",\n    ]\n\n    def process_request(self, request, spider):\n        request.headers[\"User-Agent\"] = random.choice(self.user_agents)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Enabling the Middleware<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Modify settings.py:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES.update({\n    'scalable_scraper.middlewares.RandomHeaderMiddleware': 400,\n})<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"using-scrapy-selenium-for-javascript-rendered-content\"><\/span>Using Scrapy-Selenium for JavaScript-Rendered Content<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Many modern websites use JavaScript to load content, making it invisible to Scrapy\u2019s default parser. Selenium allows you to scrape JavaScript-heavy websites. Although Python development is the foremost choice for web scraping, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vocso.com\/frontend-development-services\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/www.vocso.com\/frontend-development-services\">Frontend Development<\/a> plays a critical role in understanding how dynamic content is rendered. Additionally, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vocso.com\/nodejs-development-services-company\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/www.vocso.com\/nodejs-development-services-company\">NodeJS development<\/a> for scraping projects is also well-suited for websites that depend heavily on JavaScript.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Installing Selenium and WebDriver<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">pip install scrapy-selenium\nsudo apt install chromium-chromedriver  # Ubuntu\/Linux users<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Configuring Selenium in Scrapy<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Modify settings.py:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">from shutil import which\n\nSELENIUM_DRIVER_NAME = 'chrome'\nSELENIUM_DRIVER_EXECUTABLE_PATH = which(\"chromedriver\")\nSELENIUM_BROWSER_EXECUTABLE_PATH = which(\"chromium-browser\")\n\nDOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES.update({\n    'scrapy_selenium.SeleniumMiddleware': 800,\n})<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Using Selenium in a Spider<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Modify product_spider.py:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">from scrapy_selenium import SeleniumRequest\nimport scrapy\n\nclass JSProductSpider(scrapy.Spider):\n    name = \"js_products\"\n    \n    def start_requests(self):\n        yield SeleniumRequest(url=\"https:\/\/example.com\/products\", callback=self.parse)\n\n    def parse(self, response):\n        for item in response.css(\"div.product\"):\n            yield {\n                \"name\": item.css(\"h2::text\").get(),\n                \"price\": item.css(\"span.price::text\").get(),\n                \"url\": response.urljoin(item.css(\"a::attr(href)\").get()),\n            }<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"monitoring-and-maintaining-scrapy-pipelines\"><\/span>Monitoring and Maintaining Scrapy Pipelines<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A well-designed scraping pipeline needs continuous monitoring to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Detect errors before they impact data collection<\/li><li>Optimize performance for faster scraping<\/li><li>Adapt to website structural changes<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Monitoring Logs with Log Rotation<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Modify settings.py to enable log rotation:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">LOG_FILE = \"scrapy.log\"\nLOG_LEVEL = \"INFO\"\nLOG_ENABLED = True<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Use tail to monitor logs in real time:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">tail -f scrapy.log<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Auto-Restarting Scrapy on Failure<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>To auto-restart Scrapy if it crashes, use a bash script:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Create restart_scrapy.sh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">#!\/bin\/bash\nwhile true; do\n    scrapy crawl products\n    sleep 10\ndone<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Run it:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">nohup bash restart_scrapy.sh &gt; scrapy_restart.log 2&gt;&amp;1 &amp;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"scrapy-benchmarking-performance-optimization\"><\/span>Scrapy Benchmarking &amp; Performance Optimization<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>As your scraper grows in complexity, optimizing performance becomes essential. Slow scrapers consume more resources and can trigger bans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Enabling Asynchronous Requests<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Scrapy is designed to be asynchronous, meaning it can send multiple requests simultaneously. Increase concurrency to speed up the scraping process.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Modify settings.py:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32\nCONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16\nDOWNLOAD_DELAY = 0.5  # Avoid bans<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Enabling HTTP Compression<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Many websites support gzip compression, which reduces response size and speeds up requests. Enable it in settings.py:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">COMPRESSION_ENABLED = True<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Using Caching for Faster Development<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>When debugging spiders, you don\u2019t need to fetch pages repeatedly. Scrapy has a built-in cache system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Enable caching in settings.py:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True\nHTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 3600  # 1 hour\nHTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Using Scrapy Stats for Performance Monitoring<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Scrapy collects statistics for request speed, response time, and item counts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To enable it, modify settings.py:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">STATS_DUMP = True<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>After running a scraper, check statistics:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">scrapy crawl products --loglevel=INFO<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"scaling-web-scraping-with-distributed-crawlers\"><\/span>Scaling Web Scraping with Distributed Crawlers<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>For very large projects, running multiple scrapers in parallel can increase efficiency. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vocso.com\/data-scraping-development-services\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/www.vocso.com\/data-scraping-development-services\">Data Scraping Development<\/a> Services support advanced techniques and scalable solutions for complex data collection needs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Running Multiple Spiders Simultaneously<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Instead of running Scrapy one spider at a time, use crawlall.py to run multiple spiders in parallel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Create crawlall.py:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">from scrapy.crawler import CrawlerProcess\nfrom scalable_scraper.spiders.product_spider import ProductSpider\nfrom scalable_scraper.spiders.js_product_spider import JSProductSpider\n\nprocess = CrawlerProcess()\nprocess.crawl(ProductSpider)\nprocess.crawl(JSProductSpider)\nprocess.start()<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Run it:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">python crawlall.py<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Distributing Scrapers Across Multiple Servers<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>If your scraping workload is too large for a single server, distribute it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Use AWS Auto Scaling to dynamically allocate resources<\/li><li>Split work across multiple servers using a message queue (e.g., RabbitMQ)<\/li><li>Run independent scrapers and merge results in a database<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"best-practices-for-scalable-scraping-pipelines\"><\/span>Best Practices for Scalable Scraping Pipelines<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>To maintain a stable and efficient web scraper, follow these best practices:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Respect Robots.txt<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Before scraping a website, check its robots.txt file.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">https:\/\/example.com\/robots.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>If Disallow: \/products, then do not scrape the page.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Implement Rotating Proxies<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>To avoid getting blocked, rotate proxies after each request.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Install Scrapy-Rotating-Proxies:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">pip install scrapy-rotating-proxies<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Enable in settings.py:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES.update({\n    'rotating_proxies.middlewares.RotatingProxyMiddleware': 610,\n    'rotating_proxies.middlewares.BanDetectionMiddleware': 620,\n})<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Randomize Request Timing<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Avoid making requests too quickly. Use DOWNLOAD_DELAY:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 1.5\nRANDOMIZE_DOWNLOAD_DELAY = True<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Monitor IP Bans &amp; Captchas<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>If a website blocks your IP, use a proxy service like BrightData or ScraperAPI.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Check response status codes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">def parse(self, response):\n    if response.status == 403:  # Forbidden\n        self.logger.warning(\"Blocked! Changing proxy...\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Store Data Efficiently<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>For large-scale scraping, use databases instead of files:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table table table-bordered\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Storage Option<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Use Case<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>MongoDB<\/td><td>JSON-like, scalable storage<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>PostgreSQL<\/td><td>Structured relational data<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>AWS S3<\/td><td>Cloud storage for CSV\/JSON<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Building a scalable web scraping pipeline with Python and Scrapy requires a structured approach, combining efficiency, reliability, and adaptability. By optimizing Scrapy settings, leveraging proxy rotation, and implementing middleware for anti-bot protection, scrapers can run efficiently without frequent interruptions. Using tools like Selenium for JavaScript-heavy websites, caching responses, and distributing workloads across multiple servers enhances performance and scalability. Proper scheduling with cron jobs ensures continuous data extraction, while logging and monitoring help detect and resolve issues in real-time. By following these best practices, businesses and developers can build robust web scrapers capable of handling large datasets while minimizing the risk of bans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, it is crucial to follow ethical and legal considerations when scraping websites. Always check and respect a website\u2019s robots.txt file, avoid overloading servers with excessive requests, and ensure compliance with data privacy regulations. Implementing responsible scraping practices not only protects against legal repercussions but also ensures a sustainable and fair use of web data. As web technologies evolve, staying up to date with the latest scraping techniques and tools will help maintain efficient, scalable, and ethical data collection processes for various industries.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Web scraping has become an essential technique for extracting data from websites, but as data needs grow, the ability to scale efficiently becomes critical. Scalability ensures that a scraping pipeline in scalable web scraping can handle increasing workloads without failures, delays, or excessive resource consumption. Python, along with Scrapy, offers a powerful framework for building <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":33254,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1422],"tags":[1426,1427,1425,1421],"class_list":["post-33209","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-web-scraping","tag-pipeline","tag-python","tag-scrapy","tag-web-scraping"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vocso.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33209","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vocso.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vocso.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vocso.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/23"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vocso.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=33209"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vocso.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33209\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vocso.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/33254"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vocso.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=33209"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vocso.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=33209"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vocso.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=33209"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}